How Microwaves Work

Microwaves are one of the most versatile and widely used appliances in your kitchen. Besides heating leftovers and making popcorn, microwave ovens can also be used to bake, cook and defrost foods. However, with the plethora of different models and types available on the market, it can be difficult to select the right microwave for your needs. Understanding your cooking preferences, kitchen space and wattage requirements can help you choose the perfect model.

The microwave frequency of the device is an important factor in determining how quickly your food will cook. The microwave frequency is selected so that it is easily absorbed by water molecules in your food. This helps to ensure that most of the energy is used for cooking and that your food is properly cooked.

Microwave frequencies fall between radio waves (which have longer wavelengths) and infrared radiation (which has shorter wavelengths). This spectrum is known as the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Other types of EM radiation include visible light, ultraviolet radiation and X-rays.

In general, microwaves produce a lot of heat. As a result, they can cause physical burns when they are directly exposed to the skin. This is why the door of a microwave must always be closed when in use. It is also why messing with metal objects in a microwave—such as the tines of a fork—is a very bad idea.

Microwaves are produced by specialized vacuum tubes called klystrons, magnetrons and Gunn diodes. They work on a different principle than low-frequency vacuum tubes, using density modulation rather than current modulation. The physics behind this is quite interesting.