Microwave is a type of electromagnetic radiation (or waves) that contain magnetic and electric energy. These waves can travel through empty space as well as through matter, such as food. Like radio waves, microwaves can also be absorbed by matter and convert part of their energy to heat. Microwaves are used in microwave ovens and motion detectors, among other things.
In a microwave oven, the generator (often called a cavity magnetron) turns electric power into high-powered radio waves at a frequency that excites water molecules in food. This is why microwaves can warm up food so quickly. The magnetron is inside a sealed metal box (and you can usually see it through the door).
When microwaves hit the food in your microwave, they reflect off its surface. Some of the reflected waves hit different parts of the food at the same time. These parts of the food that get hot are called hot spots. Other parts of the food stay cool because the reflected microwaves can’t reach them at the same time as the ones hitting the food directly.
Microwaves are absorbed by polar molecules in food, such as water or sugar. Nonpolar molecules, such as oils, don’t absorb them and remain cold. The water molecules in your pizza have an electric dipole moment, with opposite charges on different sides of the molecule. When a microwave hits them, they rotate rapidly back and forth.
This is the same reason why it’s a BAD IDEA to put CDs in your microwave or use the “Keep Warm” setting on your Maytag microwave. This kind of cooking creates an electric current between bits of metal (like the tines of a fork) and can cause fires.
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GE GCST10A1WSS 1.0 Cu Ft Convection Microwave Oven, 1050W Countertop Air Fry Microwave with Broil & Crisper Pan, Compact Stainless Steel Design
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