Microwave is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of radio waves. It is used in microwave ovens to cook food, and in many industrial processes such as softening plastic rods before extrusion. Microwave frequencies also form part of the electromagnetic spectrum used in point-to-point telecommunications.
Microwave radiation does not cause cancer and is perfectly safe to use in your home. However, it can damage the inside of your appliances, so always keep your appliance clean and use it with care.
In electronics, microwaves are often used to process signals, particularly those from radio and television receivers. They are also used in point-to-point telecommunications, where the high data transmission rates of microwaves make them suitable for digital transmissions, and they are more easily focused into narrow beams than lower frequency radio waves, allowing smaller antenna sizes (since antenna size is inversely proportional to frequency).
Microwaves can travel only along line-of-sight paths, unlike other radio waves which may bounce off the ionosphere and other atmospheric layers, or penetrate buildings. Above a frequency of about 100 GHz, the atmosphere becomes opaque to microwaves due to its water content, and at this point, transmission range is limited to a few kilometers.
Large dish antennas such as those found at the Atacama Large Millimeter Array are used in radio astronomy to observe microwave radiation naturally emitted by astronomical objects such as planets, stars, galaxies and nebulas. Microwaves are also emitted by artificial sources such as radar transmitters.