What is Microwave Radiation?

Microwave (also called radio frequency) is a type of electromagnetic radiation, which has magnetic and electric energy. It is a form of non-ionizing radiation (it moves atoms in molecules but doesn’t remove electrons), and is the main part of what makes a microwave oven work. It is also used in motion detectors and telecommunications devices.

The word’microwave’ refers to the relatively small wavelength of these electromagnetic waves, which are only a few inches long or less. The microwaves are emitted by the magnetron inside a microwave oven, where they interact with water molecules in foods to generate heat.

These microwaves are absorbed by matter, including human tissues, and can heat them up or disrupt their molecular structure. Microwaves are also used in cancer treatments, to hyperthermia tumor masses that do not have a good blood supply and cannot be reached with traditional surgery or cytotoxic drugs.

Microwaves can cause eye damage if they come into direct contact with the eyes. This is usually caused by dielectric heating induced in the outer layers of the eye, especially the lens and cornea. This can lead to cataracts and other vision problems. People can prevent this by not allowing microwaves to reach the eyes, and using glass instead of plastic containers when cooking in a microwave. The Health Physics Society has a webpage with information about electromagnetic radiation and microwave exposure. They provide a variety of standards for ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, and offer fact sheets and reports to educate the public.